Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem: A satellite location analysis

Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem: A satellite location analysis

In this paper, we address the Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem (2E-VRP) in which freight is delivered from depots to intermediary satellites, from where it is delivered to customers. Different from other multi-level problems, the focus in 2E-VRP is on the global routing costs of the overall network. 2E-VRP has been recently introduced and, to our knowledge, there are no studies of the impact...

The Electric Two-echelon Vehicle Routing Problem

Two-echelon distribution systems are attractive from an economical standpoint and help keeping large vehicles out of densely populated city centers. Large trucks can be used to deliver goods to intermediate facilities in accessible locations, whereas smaller vehicles allow to reach the final customers. Due to their reduced size, pollution, and noise emissions, multiple distribution companies ar...

A multi-objective Two-Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem for perishable products

This article addresses a general tri-objective two-echelon capacitated vehicle routing problem (2E-CVRP) to minimize the total travel cost, customers waiting times and carbon dioxide emissions simultaneously in distributing perishable products. In distributing perishable products, customers’ satisfaction is very important and is inversely proportional to the customers waiting times. The propose...

Tabu Search Heuristic for a Two- Echelon Location-Routing Problem

In this paper we tackle a two-echelon location-routing problem (2E-LRP) by a tabu search metaheuristic. The aim is to define the location and number of two kinds of capacitated facilities, the size of two different vehicle fleets and the related routes on each echelon. The proposed Tabu Search (TS) for the 2E-LRP is based on the decomposition of the problem in two location-routing sub-problems,...

Flexible Two-Echelon Location Routing